W15.1 shaotianyi(소염일)

 1.Summary

Demography is the study of human population dynamics.Population analysis is a powerful tool for explaining some sociological phenomena.The demographic structure developed with the social changes of the scientific and industrial revolutions.Some early mathematicians developed the original life table form, the Life Expectancy Table, which is commonly used for life insurance and actuarial purposes.Most modern censuses begin in the late 18th century and are used as an important basis for political representation.Demographics rely on large datasets, mainly from censuses and registration statistics (i.e., birth, death, and marriage registration), which form demographic indicators – birth and death rates.Alternative-level fertility refers to the number of children a woman must have in order to replace the existing population, which varies by geographical region.Once countries undergo demographic transitions, fertility rates in some countries have fallen so much that they are well below replacement levels that their populations begin to shrink.

2.What I Learned?

Demographic transition is a model and theory that describes the transition from high birth rates and mortality to low birth rates and mortality, which is part of a country's economic development.Overpopulation is not a function of the number or density of individuals, but rather the number of individuals compared to the resources needed to survive.The ultimate shortage of energy and other natural resources, as well as the importance of severe infectious diseases in densely populated populations, and the war on scarce resources such as land area, were pointed out.Urbanization is the material growth of urban areas due to global changes.Malthus suggests that while resources tend to increase arithmetically, population growth is exponential.By then, the population will be limited by mass starvation and starvation.Malthus advocated controlling the population through moral constraints to avoid this.

3.Questions

As the global population continues to grow, especially in developing countries, what are the major challenges facing the world and how can these challenges be addressed to achieve sustainable development?