W15.1 June 10 (Mon) 왕서동WANGRUITONG

 Summary:

This passage emphasises the important role of demographic indicators in explaining sociological phenomena. It notes that demographic analyses can provide powerful explanations when studying macro-social events such as war, including possible factors such as increased competition for resources. The article also mentions that demographic research has its origins in the social changes brought about by the scientific and industrial revolutions, in which life tables and censuses were important demographic tools. These tools were not only used for actuarial and life insurance purposes, but also served political purposes, such as the basis for taxation and political representation. The article also points out that although the modern census originated in the late 18th century, similar demographic practices have been practiced for nearly 2,000 years in places like China and Rome. Overall, demographics provide important perspectives and tools for understanding and explaining sociological phenomena.

What I Learned：

Replacement-level fertility refers to the number of children that each woman needs to have in order to maintain the current size of the population. It is usually 2.1 because, in addition to the two children needed to replace a parent, additional children are needed to compensate for the mortality of children and women below childbearing age.

Trends in fertility decline have varied in different regions. Fertility declined earlier in the more developed regions of the world and relatively later in Africa. This reflects the impact of economic, social and cultural differences on fertility in different regions.

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