W13.2 May 30 (Fri) - 계해운(JIHAIYUN)

Summary:

The article discusses the social construction of gender and gender differences, particularly focusing on the definitions and experiences of cisgender and transgender individuals. It points out that gender is classified based on biological characteristics, but this is only a part of the social construction. In different historical, cultural, and social contexts, the concept of gender and its expressions vary. Cisgender individuals are assigned a certain gender at birth and maintain that gender identity throughout their lives; whereas transgender individuals are assigned one gender at birth but express themselves as another gender through various means (such as hormone therapy, surgery, etc.) in their lives. Gender discrimination is unfair treatment based on gender or gender identity. This discrimination is pervasive in society, not only reflected in differences in work and educational opportunities but also in acts of violence. Women and transgender individuals are often victims of violent crimes. Gender socialization begins before birth, with society transmitting gender norms and expectations to children in various ways, forming early socialization of gender roles. This socialization process continues throughout life, influencing personal behavior and the formation of social roles. In discussing gender differences, the book notes that the scientific community has traditionally divided gender into "male" and "female," but this binary classification is increasingly questioned, especially considering the existence of intersex and transgender people. These views not only affect scientific research but also have profound impacts on social policies and individual lives.


Interesting Points:

Research on gender and gender differences not only impacts the scientific community but also has profound effects on social policies and individual lives. Transgender individuals are accepted and affirmed in some societies, while in others, they face discrimination and harassment. Gender discrimination is not limited to career and education but also includes violent behavior, especially against women and transgender individuals. Gender differences are seen as normal and unchangeable in society, but in reality, these differences can change.


Question:

How is gender socialization manifested in different cultures?



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