W12.2

 1. Overview:

Social stratification is the system that ranks individuals into different groups based on factors like wealth, income, race, education, and gender. In contemporary Western societies, it is usually divided into upper, middle, and lower classes but can also be based on kinship, tribal affiliation, or caste systems. Stratification becomes more evident in complex societies due to inequalities in individuals' status. It influences various aspects of life, such as access to financial services like mortgage loans. Social stratification describes individuals' relative positions within different social groups and is interpreted differently across theories, yet it follows four key principles: defining social attributes, intergenerational transmission, universality with diversity, and the presence of both quantitative and qualitative inequalities. These perceptions and attitudes towards individual and group characteristics vary by time and place. Research focuses on the role of these factors in specific societies, especially economic and social elements like gender, race, and education. Scientists use tools like stratification indices to quantify economic disparities between social categories.


2. Notable Aspect:

An intriguing point is that while modern Western societies usually define social stratification by class (upper, middle, lower), other societies use different bases such as kinship, tribe, or caste. This shows the flexibility of the concept of social stratification in adapting to various cultural contexts.


3. Inquiry:

What methods can be used to measure and assess the extent of economic stratification among different social categories?

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